Technology-facilitated gender-based violence (TFGBV) is a widespread and rapidly growing concern across Northwest Syria (NWS). TFGBV is driven by limited digital literacy, the accumulated effects of protracted conflict, and entrenched conservative gender norms, resulting in the weaponisation of the Internet and significant shame and victim blaming. TFGBV is further aggravated by a lack of legal frameworks governing cyber violence and ineffective law enforcement, resulting in perpetrators operating in a climate of near-total impunity, leading to a lack of accountability. 

 This report aims to inform humanitarian responders and gender-based violence (GBV) service providers in NWS, as well as the broader regional response, of the scale, trends, and impact of TFGBV. The report outlines different forms of TFGBV reported across the region, patterns and trends, perpetrator and survivor profiles, the main tools and platforms perpetrators use, and online and offline impacts related to the phenomenon. The report also provides an analysis of the interconnections between TFGBV and the humanitarian response, and information on access, availability, and the main gaps related to specialised survivor services. This analysis aims to inform strategic planning, GBV programming, and GBV risk analysis and contribute to incorporating TFGBV risks in protection and gender analysis frameworks and advocacy.