UNITED NATIONS, New York – The United Nations announced today that the world’s population is expected to reach 8 billion on 15 November 2022 – a milestone for humanity – and in 2023 India is projected to become the most populous country, surpassing China. But perhaps the even bigger headline is that fertility rates are at a historic low: Two thirds of people are now living in a country or area with a lifetime fertility below the replacement rate of 2.1 births per woman.